Host cell stress response as a predictor of COVID-19 infectivity and disease progression.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a coronavirus identified in December 2019 has caused a global pandemic. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020 and has led to more than 6.3 million deaths. The pandemic has disrupted world travel, economies, and lifestyles worldwide. Although vaccination has been an effective tool to reduce the severity and spread of the disease there is a need for more concerted approaches to fighting the disease. COVID-19 is characterised as a severe acute respiratory syndrome . The severity of the disease is associated with a battery of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic lung disease, and renal disease. These underlying diseases are associated with general cellular stress. Thus, COVID-19 exacerbates outcomes of the underlying conditions. Consequently, coronavirus infection and the various underlying conditions converge to present a combined strain on the cellular response. While the host response to the stress is primarily intended to be of benefit, the outcomes are occasionally unpredictable because the cellular stress response is a function of complex factors. This review discusses the role of the host stress response as a convergent point for COVID-19 and several non-communicable diseases. We further discuss the merits of targeting the host stress response to manage the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.

Oxidative Stress, Covid-19 and Nursing Care

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019-nCoV) taxonomically belongs to the Coronaviridae family and genus Betacoronavirus that contain other several species are the cause of severe human diseases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic registered in Wuhan, China for the first time in December 2019, and it has rapidly spread worldwide via close human relationships. While, the coronavirus pandemic was brought under control in China, the COVID-19 has quickly spread across the globe, causing important mortality and morbidity in the whole world. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has led to more than 100 million people infected, more than 2 million virus-related deaths. Clinical experiences are show that symptoms of COVID-19 are highly heterogeneous, ranging from being asymptomatic and infection to severe pneumonia and causing death. COVID-19 patients often develop oxidative stress compensated by oxygen therapy. Oxidative stress makes a major contribution to pathogenesis of the severe COVID-19 infection. Nursing care is of great importance in preventing these destructive effects of oxidative stress. Nurses, who were at the forefront of the covid 19 pandemic process, the role of nurses, who consider human beings biologically, psychologically and socially, and who believe that human beings are critical and valuable, goes beyond just providing care to the sick individual.